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Mycorhizal Fungi and Iris

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Members Experiences:

Please add your garden experience with Mycorhizal Fungus and Irises in the comment box and the results will appear At the bottom of the page under user's comments


 

References with abstracts:

Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with iris plants, enhancing their ability to absorb nutrients and potentially improving their resistance to environmental stressors. These fungi act as extensions of the plant's root system, particularly helping with the uptake of phosphorus, which is often scarce in natural soils, according to the RHS. In turn, the iris provides the fungi with sugars and lipids.

See |Science Direct, Science of The Total Environment,Volume 895, 15 October 2023, 164970 Metagenomics reveal arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi altering functional gene expression of rhizosphere microbial community to enhance Iris tectorum's resistance to Cr stress . Abstract
Chromium (Cr) can disrupt a plant's normal physiological and metabolic functions and severely impact the microenvironment. However, limited studies have investigated the impact of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on the rhizosphere microorganisms of Iris tectorum under Cr stress, and the mechanisms of how rhizosphere microorganisms interact with hosts and contaminants. In this study, we investigated the effects of AMF inoculation on the growth, absorption of nutrients and heavy metals, and functional genes of the rhizosphere microbial community of I. tectorum under Cr stress in a greenhouse pot experiment. The results showed that AMF significantly increased the biomass and nutrient levels of I. tectorum, while decreasing the content of Cr in soil. Furthermore, metagenome analysis demonstrated significant changes in the structure and composition of the rhizosphere microbial community after AMF formed a mycorrhizal symbiosis system with the I. tectorum. Specifically, the abundance of functional genes related to nutrient cycling (N, P) and heavy metal resistance (chrA and arsB), as well as the abundance of heavy metal transporter family (P-atPase, MIT, CDF, and ABC) in the rhizosphere microbial community were up-regulated and their expression. Additionally, the synergies between rhizosphere microbial communities were regulated, and the complexity and stability of the rhizosphere microbial ecological network were enhanced. This study provides evidence that AMF can regulate rhizosphere microbial communities to improve plant growth and heavy metal stress tolerance, and helps us to understand the potential mechanism of wetland plant remediation of Cr-contaminated soil under AMF symbiosis.|

| AFFINITY OF DUTCH IRIS TO ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAE Crişan Ioana1 , Vidican Roxana1* 1University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Calea Manastur St., No. 3 – 5, 400327 Cluj-Napoca, Romania *Corresponding author: roxana.vidican@usamvcluj.ro Abstract. Quality of Dutch iris bulbs produced in field conditions is important for obtaining marketable cut flowers by forcing in greenhouse. Natural occurring symbiotic micromycetes can facilitate important nutrient acquisition for plants with short vegetative cycle such as geophytes. In an open field experiment established in April 2018 in Cluj county Romania, was evaluated susceptibility of some Iris × hollandica cultivars to colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi in first stages of rooting. Average number of entry points per cm root length was 11 after twelve days in field. Density increased with second centimetre from root apex. Arbuscular mycorrhizae infection sites on roots before advanced proliferation occurs can be used as indicator both for soil mycorrhizal potential as well as plant genotype affinity to these symbiotic fungi.|

|AgroLife Scientific Journal - Volume 9, Number 2, 2020 ISSN 2285-5718; ISSN CD-ROM 2285-5726; ISSN ONLINE 2286-0126; ISSN-L 2285-5718 SPRING-AUTUMN ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA COLONIZATION DYNAMIC IN Iris germanica L. FROM URBAN MICROCLIMATE Ioana CRIȘAN, Roxana VIDICAN, Andrei STOIE, Ștefania Alexandra SIMEA University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine from Cluj-Napoca, Manastur Street No. 3-5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Corresponding author email: andrei.stoie@usamvcluj.ro Abstract Nowadays arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) is widely recognized as one of the most successful plant-fungi partnerships. Although the evidence for ecosystem services provided by these microorganisms is comprehensive, surprisingly few studies document arbuscular mycorrhiza in cities. The aim of this research was to describe arbuscular mycorrhiza (Glomeromycota) colonization pattern across a genotypic and seasonal gradient for Iris germanica. Colonization parameters were assessed for 2160 root segments from six Iris germanica cultivars collected in spring and autumn (two contrasting phenophases). The results showed that Iris germanica presents Paris AM morphotype. Phenophase exercised a significant influence over AM colonization parameters explaining around 70% of variance while the influence of the cultivar was non-significant and explained between 13-18% of variance. Towards autumn AM frequency decreased and average of 18.36% relative to spring while intra-radicular AM spores and vesicles increased on average of 22.73% relative to spring. This study suggests that plant-fungi interaction is controlled by plant metabolic state and decrease of frequency coincides with the debut of leaf senescence and implicitly a reduction of the carbon flux in plant, to which AM fungi react by sporulating. |

|Home / Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Volume 31, Number 3, Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Iris Authors: CHEN Yuan; WANG Li; MA Fang; JIANG Xiao-feng; DONG Jing

Source: Journal of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Volume 31, Number 3, 2014, pp. 265-272(8) Publisher: Directory of Open Access Journals DOI: https://doi.org/10.13254/j.jare.2014.0051

This article is Open Access under the terms of the Creative Commons CC BY-NC licence. Abstract:
For efficiency using the amphibious plant iris to restore polluted water, the promoting effect of different arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi（AMF)on iris was investigated, by monitoring the plant growth index, the physicochemical properties of the soil and the plant photosynthesis indexes. The result showed that the promoting effects of the AMF on the aboveground part and the underground part of the iris were based on different mechanism. For the underground part of the iris, the AMF stimulated its growth through the nutrient enrichment which was performed by the enormous hypha network. The nitrogen absorbing rate of the G. mosseae and the G. intraradices infected iris increased about 71.75% and 42.55%, and the phosphorous absorbing rate increased 8.36% and 9.5% separately. For the aboveground part of the iris, the AMF strengthened the conductance of the leaves’ stomas to control the balance between the net photosynthesis rate and the transpiration rate, so that the utilization rate of water resources was optimized, the metabolic rate was accelerated and the growth of the plant was promoted eventually. In this study, the promoting effect of the G. mosseae on the photosynthesis rate of the iris was significantly better than that of the G. intraradices(P<0.05).

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The Benefits of Mycorrhizal Fungi on Irises

Enhancing Growth, Health, and Resilience in Iris Species Mycorrhizal fungi are symbiotic organisms that form associations with the roots of most terrestrial plants, including irises (genus Iris). This partnership can offer a wide array of benefits that enhance both the vitality and ornamental value of irises in gardens and natural habitats.

Enhanced Nutrient Uptake

The primary benefit of mycorrhizal fungi is their ability to improve nutrient absorption. These fungi extend the root system through hyphal networks, reaching far beyond the roots themselves. For irises, this translates to:
  • Greater phosphorus uptake, which is crucial for strong root development, flowering, and overall plant vigor;
  • Improved acquisition of micronutrients such as zinc, copper, and magnesium, supporting robust growth and vibrant blooms.
  • Increased Drought Tolerance
  • Mycorrhizal fungi help irises withstand periods of drought by facilitating more efficient water absorption. The extended fungal network acts as a supplemental water transport system, allowing irises to access moisture that roots alone might not reach. This is especially advantageous in sandy or well-drained soils where irises often grow.

Resistance to Soil-Borne Pathogens

  • The presence of mycorrhizal fungi can bolster the iris’s immune defenses. Mycorrhizal associations can:
  • Reduce incidence of root rot and other soil-borne diseases by outcompeting harmful microbes;
  • Stimulate the plant’s own production of defensive compounds.
  • Improved Soil Structure

Mycorrhizal fungi contribute to soil health by:

  • Binding soil particles into aggregates through the production of glomalin, enhancing soil aeration and structure;
  • Facilitating the retention of nutrients and water, resulting in a more supportive environment for iris growth.
  • Promotion of Plant Establishment and Growth

Irises inoculated with mycorrhizal fungi typically establish more quickly and show:

  • Increased biomass and leaf area;
  • More abundant and showy blooms;
  • Greater resilience to transplanting shock.

References

  • Smith, S.E., & Read, D.J. (2008). Mycorrhizal Symbiosis. Academic Press.
  • Carlile, M.J., & Watkinson, S.C. (1994). The Fungi. Academic Press.
  • Gianinazzi, S., et al. (2010). "Agroecology: The key role of arbuscular mycorrhizas in ecosystem services." Mycorrhiza, 20(8), 519-530.
  • Wright, S.F., & Upadhyaya, A. (1998). "A survey of soils for aggregate stability and glomalin, a glycoprotein produced by hyphae of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi." Soil Science, 163(12), 930-941.
  • Cheng, X., et al. (2013). "Effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth and drought tolerance of Iris lactea var. chinensis." Ecological Research, 28(2), 273-280.

User's Comments:

  • Although not in an experimental test I have been using a Mycorrhizae product on my plants and iris and they all seem to be doing well.
-- DougChyz - 02 Aug 2025
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